Topic.11 Study Concepts

MLK and Civil Disobedience
-Freedom Rides aimed at desegregating public transportation in the south.
-Montgomery Bus Boycott
-Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights leader, also developed into one of the greatest orators in the 20th Century.
-Civil Disobedience a dominant social force.
-Lunch Counter Sit-Ins start in Greensboro, North Carolina.
-MLK was a fearless dedicated speaker.
-Lead to the Civil Rights Act (1964), Voting Rights Act (1965), and Fair Housing Act (FHA, 1968).

Power of the "Mob"
-Sit-Ins
-Protest
-Being confident enough to sit in a place for a long period of time, with caring about consequences.
-Sort of like having the power of a situation.
-Leads into situation with M.L.K.
-He told the African-Americans, i someone punches them in the face, then hug them.
-Kill them with kindness.

Plessy v. Ferguson vs. Brown v. Board of Education
-Supreme Court Law stated "separate, but equal".
-African-American and Whites become concerned.
-Brown:Unconstitutional by 1954.
-It struck down Plessy v. Ferguson because separate wasn't equal anymore.
-It basically stated that all men are equal regardless what there race is.

Civil Rights Goals
-Freedom Rides: where African-Americans would drive to the deep south and violate Jim Crow Laws.
-Buses were often bombed. White college students would join them.
-People began to be concerned.
-Malcolm X a great civil rights leader.

Eisenhower's Role in Little Rock
-In Little Rock, Arkansas, there was a school that was racially segregated and did not allow black students to integrate into the school.
-School creates a blockade for the 9 students.
-"Little Rock 9"
-Eisenhower send in the 101st Airborne to uphold the Supreme Court decision.

Rights of the Accused
-Gideon v. Wainwright: 6th Amendment-accused criminal has a right to a lawyer.
-Escobedo v. Illinois: Criminal suspects have the right to counsel during police interrogations.
-Miranda v. Arizona: Criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with counsel prior to interrogation.

Brown v. Board of Education 
-Color ignites the Civil Rights Movement.
-Oliver Brown sues school board, on behalf of his 8 year old daughter because she shouldn't be going to a school only for African American, they should be equal.
-It basically stated that black and whites can go to school and not be denied, because of their race.

Chavez and the United Farm Workers 
-Cesar Chavez, became a cultural icon for Chicanos.
-Founded the United Farm Workers (UFW).
-Helped to organize strikes and organize civil disobedience for migrant workers.
-Organized Delano Grape Strike.
-Participated in several fasts to support different social issues.
-Anti-Immigration while at UFW.

FHA and ADA
-Fair Housing Act- Part of the 1964 CRA
-Outlawed refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of race, color, religion, handicap, or national origin.
-Improved housing standards and conditions.
-Americans with Disabilities Act, a wide ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
-Title IX

Purpose of Filibusters
-Used to stop the other side from speaking, so that the Civil Rights Law was not passed.
-Pushing a legislation or to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Sit-Ins and Other Protests
-Lunch Counter Sit-Ins, where the African-American would sit in a place that served only white people.
- They would sit there until they got arrested.
-Sort of like using a Power of the "Mob" tactic.
-La Raza
-In the Southwest, Chicanos (Mexican-Americans) were fighting for equality.